DNA must be copied before a cell reproduces. Mistakes which occur in this process are called mutations. Mutations can be useful. harmful, or have no effect on the organism. Mutations can occur in both the body cells and the reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) of an organism. Generally, mutations which occur in the body cells have little effect on the organism. Those that occur in reproductive cells or in embryos may affect the development of the whole organism.
Mutagens are substances that alter the DNA code. Some common mutagens are radiation, temperature extremes, and exposure to chemicals. Mutations which cause cells to lose control of the cell division process may result in cancer.
Four types of mutations may occur. For a description of these click HERE. This video will further illustrate gene mutations - DNA Mutations.
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